MADRID (approved) .- Opening the seminar Vargas Llosa: culture, ideas and freedom , President of Spain Mariano Rajoy said the Nobel Prize for Literature “has always denounced the arbitrary and fought against dictatorships and populist. It describes the rejection embodies indifference “.
In this event to mark the 80th birthday of writer Mario Vargas Llosa, the International Freedom Foundation which he chairs, gathered in the House of America, the Spanish capital, the Spanish presidents Felipe González and José María Aznar, the Uruguayan Luis Alberto Lacalle, Colombian Andres Pastrana and Alvaro Uribe and Chilean Sebastian Piñeira.
In his speech, Rajoy said Vargas Llosa “it is a common heritage of world literature in Latin America and Spain. Is our only Nobel live Prize and is a hero of freedom, which has made Latin America, Spain and the great Hispanidad in the world “.
In the president opinion functions, Mario Vargas Llosa” has not lived under anesthesia in reading, but egged on by her, it has not been content to read the book in the world accepting him as he is, but wanted to transform it through the creative power of the word, to which he added the courage of political action “.
He advocated for Spain and Latin America work together for freedom and democracy. He considered that in the last decade Latin America became a “more prosperous” region, the middle classes have grown and demand policies and public services “that Latin American governments must face” in order to avoid dissatisfaction among citizens.
He said that in the region, as in Europe, there is “a certain disaffection of citizens towards politics and the party system, and it is our job to vindicate the work of political and dignify the practice of politics. The opposite will fuel the populism and extrademocráticas solutions, whose evils already know “.
He warned that Latin America still lurk” threats of populism, insecurity, unequal opportunities and the socio-economic conditions “.
AL” less bad than in the past “
in his speech, the Nobel laureate noted that Latin America and Spain” are less bad than in the past, “compared as it was 20 or 30 years ago, the most dictatorial regimes in Latin America have been overcome.
” I know there are many things that go wrong in the world, starting with terrorism, which strikes innocent citizens, who engorged cities in Europe, Africa and Latin America, we know that the economic problems are huge, inequality, legal and illegal migration, create a situation of great concern and serious conflicts within the European Union, how to address the problem, but I think when compared to these days and 20 or 30 years ago in Europe, Latin America, there are reasons for optimism, the world is better, there is less bad things in the past. “
he said that there is much less dictatorships than in the past, in America” is an anachronistic as is that of Cuba, which seems begins to fall apart with these agreements, old convictions of the Cuban revolution can not stand up, no one can think that Marxism-Leninism is to sustain a country. “
Still recognized the challenges of corruption,” affecting poor countries and rich “, which is a threat to the institutions and because” generates greater disenchantment, demoralization of those who had believed in democracy “and no one so far, he said,” he has found a formula to solve the root of the problem of corruption “.
another problem also is the drug, but” while legalization is not given, it will not be resolved “, but is required on this a” civilized debate, an intellectual debate, to find the formula serve to address the problem we face today. “
the former president José María Aznar said the generation that was about 20 years in 1989, when the Berlin Wall was torn down, reached adulthood believing inaugurating a new time, happy insouciance.
the time when the ideals of liberal democracy had reached “the final victory over totalitarianism”. And therefore, the time when “no longer had any battle to fight.”
However, the attacks of September 11 (in the US) had a profound “emotional shock”.
so what came later, from the loss of the European project and the economic crisis, was incomprehensible to many.
he recalled that many chose to “close your eyes and look guilty of convenience “rather than acknowledging the reality of” a certain and brutal threat had changed our world, and a system of freedom and much more fragile and vulnerable than thought “progress.
Considered that 11-S is lived as an “anomaly of history” as something that should not have happened, even that could not happen. “And they began diagnostic errors that persist, looking the whys instead of understanding the only one to do: to destroy freedom, no reason other than self-induced fanaticism”
He added Aznar. “And they came also the symptoms of fear of freedom disguised as false ecumenism, after self-censorship and ultimately self-incrimination and submission “.
in his speech, the president of government Felipe González denounced the” immobilism of the political class “and raised the need for greater” spirit of reform “which ends with the” crisis of governance suffers representative democracy “.
” Let us make the reforms we need, in Spain, in Europe and Latin America, “said the participation of closing the first day organized to celebrate the 80th anniversary of the birth of Vargas Llosa seminar.
I think one of the problems facing the governance model it is what he calls the “crisis of the nation state”, whose main anomaly that citizens vote to elect their elected representatives do not know what decisions are made on their behalf in the future.
“There are lots of vital decisions that will not depend on the exercise of sovereignty in the public space we call nation-state”.
therefore, Felipe González considered that states should provide “predictability” , efficiency in the process of decision-making and transparency
he reviewed the case of Venezuela and Cuba, countries in which it considered that “institutional destruction, economy and security” is recorded and became countries where “everything is dark, uncertain and elusive”.
He called on the government of Venezuela as a “tyranny” in which despite the triumph of the citizen majority in the National Assembly “for disposal government “relationship of forces is still very unequal.”
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